What is the effect of excessive cavitation on a propeller?

Excessive cavitation on a propeller can significantly impact its performance, primarily leading to reduced efficiency and potential physical damage to the blades. Cavitation occurs when pressure drops below the vapor pressure of the water, creating vapor bubbles that collapse violently. This process generates shock waves that can erode the material of the propeller blades over time, leading to pitting, erosion, and other forms of physical damage.

In terms of efficiency, when cavitation occurs, it interferes with the smooth flow of water over the propeller blades. This turbulence can reduce thrust and overall propulsion efficiency, making the vessel harder to drive through the water and potentially leading to increased fuel consumption. Therefore, understanding and managing cavitation is crucial for maintaining the longevity and effectiveness of marine propulsion systems.